The Two Houses: Judah, Israel, And The Restoration Of The Whole Hebrew Nation

Judah survives the northern fall for a time, but Judah also comes under
judgment. Babylon takes Judah captive, with major deportation and destruction
events commonly framed around 598/597 BCE and 587/586 BCE.

Babylon was centered near modern Hillah / Babil Governorate in Iraq, south of
Baghdad. Again, that modern parenthetical is approximate and should be used only
as a location aid.

The biblical source lane is 2 Kings 24-25. Jeremiah also matters because
Jeremiah holds together judgment and return.

This Hosea 1 reading aligns Lo-Ammi, "not my people," with Judah also coming
under judgment. Judah was preserved for a time, but preservation for a time was
not exemption from covenant accountability.